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这是 一直夫妇 的第 669 篇文章
本文 1959 字,预计阅读 5min
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诺贝尔文学家昨晚于北京时间 19 点公布,瑞典学院将 2023 年度诺贝尔文学奖颁给挪威的剧作家约恩 · 福瑟 (Jon Fosse)。他的代表作名为《三部曲》,曾斩获北欧理事会文学奖,包含三大联系紧密的部分:《醒来》《奥拉夫的梦》和《疲倦》。
众多外刊进行了报道,其中 CNN 这篇比较详细,而且很多单词的用法巧妙。看上去与我们熟识已久,却是新朋友。所以今天跟以往的外刊精读不同,我们专讲五个「熟词生义」。
01 go to sb
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go to sb / sth
go to 无人不知,无人不晓。但今天我们要揭开它的另一面。众多媒体报道诺贝尔把某奖项颁给谁时,多用了 award 一词。
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但我们还可换成一个更为形象的表达 go to sb / sth。奖项像是有脚一样「走」到了获奖人面前。此时这个短语表示 to be given to sb / sth「被授予某人」。注意咯,是被授予,所以它相当于被动的 be awarded。
Proceeds from the concert will go to charity.
音乐会的收入将捐赠给慈善事业。
02 give voice to sth
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give voice to sth
「表达」感情、想法时,我们常用 express,简练却常见,不妨换成 give voice to sth。unsayable 看似是一个形容词,实际还有名词词性,表示「难言之事」。所以瑞典文学院这句话 give voice to the unsayable 我们可译为「表达了无法言说的心声」。
Participants are encouraged to give voice to their personal hopes, fears and dreams.
参加者被鼓励要把自己的愿望、担忧以及梦想表达出来。
03 detail
The novel details the struggle of Asle, the narrator, to complete his painting – and compares him throughout to another Asle, who is also a painter but is consumed by alcohol, who functions as his doppelganger. The novel asks how we become the people we become by staging two versions of the same person against one another.
译文:小说详细描述了叙述者阿斯勒为完成自己画作所做的斗争,并将他与另一个同为画家但沉醉于酒精之中的阿斯勒进行了对比,后者是阿斯勒的分身。小说通过将同一个人的两种版本进行对比,探讨了我们如何演变成如今的自己。
有哪些表示「详述」的花样表达?
01 detail
detail 表示「细节」这一点人尽皆知,但它还可以作动词,表示 to list things or give all the facts or information about something「详细说明,详述」。学会这个单词后,当需要介绍一本书、一份报告、一篇论文时,我们就可以放弃大众款 depict,投向 detail 的怀抱。
The report details the progress we have made over the last year.
报告详述了去年我们取得的进展。
2021 年《经济学人》也是用到了 detail 的动词词性。
Ontario in Canada spent 30 years talking about reforming its property tax, before eventually taking the plunge in 1998, as detailed by Richard Bird and Enid Slack of the University of Toronto.
多伦多大学的理查德 · 伯德和伊妮德 · 斯莱克详述了加拿大安大略省如何花了 30 年时间讨论房产税改革,直到 1998 年才最终放手一 试。
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02 go into details
当它重新变成名词时,我们可以构成 go into details 这个词组,当然你也可以写成 go into the detail,后面再加上 of sth,用来表示 to explain sth fully「详细敍述某事」。不过在书面语中,这个词组出现频率低于下面的另一词组。
Neither of them were prepared to go into the detail of their talks.
他们俩都没准备要详细说明他们会谈的情况。
03 expand on / upon sth
expand 除了表示「扩大」外,还可以搭配 on,意思于是发生了变化,表示 to add more details or information to something that you have already said「详述,进一步说明」。2023 年 3 月的六级听力中就出现了这个短语。
When we came to the part about discussing my areas for growth, he bluntly told me that I had an attitude problem. But he wouldn't really expand on that description.
当我们谈到我的发展领域时,他直截了当地告诉我,我的态度有问题。但他并没有进一步说明。
04 consume
The novel details the struggle of Asle, the narrator, to complete his painting – and compares him throughout to another Asle, who is also a painter but is consumed by alcohol, who functions as his doppelganger. The novel asks how we become the people we become by staging two versions of the same person against one another.
译文:小说详细描述了叙述者阿斯勒为完成自己画作所做的斗争,并将他与另一个同为画家但沉醉于酒精之中的阿斯勒进行了对比,后者是阿斯勒的分身。小说通过将同一个人的两种版本进行对比,探讨了我们如何演变成如今的自己。
consume
我们常用 consume 表示「消费」,但除此之外,consume 也常用于表示 to take all of a person's attention, energy, time, etc.「使着迷」或「使充满」某种强烈情绪。所以 is consumed by alcohol 是指人「沉迷酒精,酗酒」。
Work on the project has consumed his attention for many months
数月来,他一直专注于这项工程。
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05 stage
stage
stage 作名词时,既可以表示「舞台」,也可以表示「阶段」。一个演员可以登上舞台,而一件事也可以通过作家、编剧们的描写,而被搬上舞台。此时,stage 有了另一个词性,也有了另一个含义,即 to arrange or do「安排;筹划」。
The actors' public appearances were carefully staged.
这名演员的公开露面都是经过精心安排的。
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