杜甫“三吏三别”文化出海信达雅传世典藏集

“三吏三别”是中国诗歌史上最沉痛的战争组诗。杜甫以石壕吏的怒吼、新婚夜的诀别、无家者的独白，将安史之乱中普通人的血泪刻进了汉语的骨血。它不是旁观者的哀叹，而是亲历者的实录，六首诗就是六座墓碑，埋着盛世崩塌时无数无声的生命。

这部作品的价值不仅在于文学。它是大唐由盛转衰的民间档案，是“诗史”二字最无可辩驳的注脚。一千三百年后，这些诗句依然能刺痛每一个读到它的人——因为苦难从不古老，人性从未改变。

今天，这套译作出海，不是为了输出一个遥远的东方故事，而是为了让世界听见一种声音：在最深的绝望里，中国人如何用诗保存尊严，用文字抵抗遗忘。这是杜甫给世界的遗产，也是我们这一代译者的使命。

杜甫 《石壕吏》

暮投石壕村，有吏夜捉人。

老翁逾墙走，老妇出门看。

吏呼一何怒！妇啼一何苦！

听妇前致词：“三男邺城戍。

一男附书至，二男新战死。

存者且偷生，死者长已矣！

室中更无人，惟有乳下孙。

有孙母未去，出入无完裙。

老妪力虽衰，请从吏夜归。

急应河阳役，犹得备晨炊。”

夜久语声绝，如闻泣幽咽。

天明登前途，独与老翁别。

TheBailiffs at Stone Moat Village

By Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Atdusk I seek for shelter at Stone Moat,

Thatnight the bailiffs come to seize the folk.

Theold man scales the wall and flees in flight,

Theold wife steps outside to face the blight.

Howfierce the bailiffs’ shouts pierce the dark sky!

Howsore the old wife’s sobs, her tears run dry!

Shesteps forth to speak, her voice worn and low:

“Threesons of mine guard Ye Cheng’s rampart now.

Onemanaged to send a note, a frail line of tear,

Twofell in battle, fresh blood on the bier.

Theliving cling on, a life of woe and fear,

Thedead are gone—they return ne’er.

Noman remains within this humble hall,

Savea young grandson at his mother’s breast.

Forhim she stays, ne’er to depart at all,

Nowhole gown on her frame, her plight oppressed.

Thoughmy old bones are weak, my breath grows thin,

Ibeg to go with you ere night doth sink.

Hasteto Heyang’s levy, let me serve therein,

Ican cook their morn’s repast in time, I think.”

Thenight wears on, all words fall still and dim,

Afaint sob lingers where the shadows trim.

Atdawn I take the road, my way to pursue,

AloneI bid the old man sad adieu.

杜甫 《新安吏》

客行新安道，喧呼闻点兵。

借问新安吏：县小更无丁？

府帖昨夜下，次选中男行。

中男绝短小，何以守王城？

肥男有母送，瘦男独伶俜。

白水暮东流，青山犹哭声。

莫自使眼枯，收汝泪纵横。

眼枯即见骨，天地终无情！

我军取相州，日夕望其平。

岂意贼难料，归军星散营。

就粮近故垒，练卒依旧京。

掘壕不到水，牧马役亦轻。

况乃王师顺，抚养甚分明。

送行勿泣血，仆如父兄。

异体/异文标注

1.府帖：一作「府符」（古钞本异体替换）

2.昨夜：一作「昨日」

3.伶俜：俜无异体，部分俗写作「娉」，非定本

4.仆射：射，古俗字作「䠶」；诗内「仆射」指郭子仪，不可改字。

TheXin’an Recruiter

ByDu Fu (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

UponXin’an’sroad I wander far,

Loudshouts of conscription rend the air.

Iask the petty officer there:

“Is your small townstripped of all male heir?”

Lastnight the state’s writ reached thisground,

Teenageboys are bound to march next round.

Theselads are slight, of stature thin—

Howcan they guard the royal city within?

Sturdyboys have mothers by their side;

Palefrail youths trudge alone, bereft of guide.

Atdusk clear streams eastward flow and flee;

Greenhills still echo misery.

Ceaseto wear your eyes dry with grief,

Wipeaway the tears that stain your cheek.

Whentears run out, bare bones shall show—

Heavenand earth no mercy know.

Ourtroops marched forth to seize Xiangzhou wall,

Wehoped the rebels’cause would swiftlyfall.

Yetfoes outwitted our grand plan;

Ourhost scattered like stars, each man alone.

Nearold ramparts we seek grain supplies,

Traintroops beside the former royal skies.

Trenchesdug shallow, no water strain;

Tendingsteeds brings little pain.

Ourroyal host fights for the right,

Allsoldiers are cared for day and night.

Weepnot till blood wells in your eye—

Ourgeneral treats all as kin nigh.

杜甫 《潼关吏》

士卒何草草，筑城潼关道。

大城铁不如，小城万丈馀。

借问潼关吏：修关还备胡？

要我下马行，为我指山隅。

连云列战格，飞鸟不能逾。

胡来但自守，岂复忧西都。

丈人视要处，窄狭容单车。

艰难奋长戟，万古用一夫。

哀哉桃林战，百万化为鱼。

请嘱防关将，慎勿学哥舒！

异体/异文标注

1.万丈馀：馀，规范异体「余」；古籍多作「馀」，今简化作余

2.窄狭：狭，古异体「陿」

3.哥舒：指哥舒翰，人名无异体

TheTongguan Garrison Clerk

ByDu Fu (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Thesoldiers toil in hasty haste,

Buildingwalls along Tongguan’s waste.

Thegrand ramparts outmatch hard steel;

Smallforts stretch ten thousand cubits uphill.

Iask the clerk who guards the gate:

“Rebuild you walls tohold the Huns at bay?”

Hebids me dismount, walk by his side,

Pointsto each mountain’s rugged tide.

Battleparapets pierce misty cloud;

Noflying bird may slip unbound.

Ifraiders come, we hold this pass,

Nofear for the western wall, alas!

Oldsir, behold this vital lane—

Scarceone cart may pass its narrow chain.

Oneman with spear may stand and fight,

Forages guard this slender height.

Alasthe fight at Peachwood Strand!

Amillion souls drowned in wet land.

Tellthe lords who man this wall:

Neverrepeat General Geshu’s fall!

杜甫 《新婚别》

兔丝附蓬麻，引蔓故不长。

嫁女与征夫，不如弃路旁。

结发为君妻，席不暖君床。

暮婚晨告别，无乃太匆忙。

君行虽不远，守边赴河阳。

妾身未分明，何以拜姑嫜？

父母养我时，日夜令我藏。

生女有所归，鸡狗亦得将。

君今往死地，沉痛迫中肠。

誓欲随君去，形势反苍黄。

勿为新婚念，努力事戎行。

妇人在军中，兵气恐不扬。

自嗟贫家女，久致罗襦裳。

罗襦不复施，对君洗红妆。

仰视百鸟飞，大小必双翔。

人事多错迕，与君永相望。

异体/异文标注

1.兔丝：兔，古本作「莬」（异体字：莬丝，古籍通用）

2.君妻：《杜诗详注》一作「妻子」

3.苍黄：通「仓皇」，古异形通用字，文本不作替换

4.错迕：迕无俗异体，不可写作「忤」

TheNewlywed’s Lament

ByDu Fu (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Dodderclings to hemp’s thin stem,

Itstwisting vines can scarce extend.

Towed a man bound for the fray,

Bettercast her by the highway.

Webound our hair as man and wife,

Yourbed scarce felt the warmth of life.

Wedat dusk, at dawn you depart—

Tooswift the parting breaks my heart.

Yourroad is short, yet war draws nigh;

Youguard Heyang’s frontier sky.

Ourmarriage rite not fully sealed,

Howgreet your parents, kin and all?

Whenmy old parents nurtured me,

Theybade me hide, soft and demure to see.

Adaughter ought to gain a spouse,

“E'enbeasts have mates to share their ploughs”.

Nowyou march toward the field of death;

Sharpgrief gnaws deep beneath my breath.

Ivow to tread your warpath wide,

Yetchaos bars me from your side.

Castoff thoughts of our short bliss,

Strivehard amid the warrior’s abyss.

Ifwomen linger in the camp,

Thearmy’s fire will dim anddamp.

Igrieve, a maid of humble breed,

Silkrobes I saved for years to need.

Nomore silk robes shall grace my frame;

Iwash my rouge before your name.

Igaze at birds that soar on high,

Eachsmall, each large, paired in the sky.

Humanfates twist and turn awry—

Yetmy eyes wait forever for thine eye.

杜甫 《垂老别》

四郊未宁静，垂老不得安。

子孙阵亡尽，焉用身独完。

投杖出门去，同行为辛酸。

幸有牙齿存，所悲骨髓干。

男儿既介胄，长揖别上官。

老妻卧路啼，岁暮衣裳单。

孰知是死别，且复伤其寒。

此去必不归，还闻劝加餐。

土门壁甚坚，杏园度亦难。

势异邺城下，纵死时犹宽。

人生有离合，岂择衰老端。

忆昔少壮日，迟回竟长叹。

万国尽征戍，烽火被冈峦。

积尸草木腥，流血川原丹。

何乡为乐土，安敢尚盘桓。

弃绝蓬室居，塌然摧肺肝。

异体/异文标注

1.骨髓：髓，古俗写「髄」

2.被冈峦：被，通「披」，文本定本不变

3.盘桓：桓无异体；塌然：塌，一作「阘」古异体

TheAged Man’s Farewell

ByDu Fu (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Nopeace surrounds the land all round;

Ingray old age no rest is found.

Allsons and grandsons slain in fight—

Whyshould my aged frame survive the blight?

Icast my cane and stride outside;

Myfellow recruits weep at my side.

Myteeth still stand, yet grief doth drain

Thevery marrow in my vein.

Ifman dons armor for the crown,

Hebows to lords and leaves his town.

Mywife lies weeping by the track,

Thinrags against the winter rack.

Weknow this parting ends in death,

YetI grieve more her freezing breath.

Ishall return to her no more,

Yetshe bids me eat and strength restore.

EarthenGate’s ramparts standsecure;

ApricotFord’s passage hard toendure.

Thefight differs from Ye’s old strife;

IfI must die, I gain more life.

Allmortal lives part and unite;

Agenor youth may flee its plight.

Irecall my youthful, vigorous prime,

Andlinger, sighing through all time.

Allrealms send men to war’s dark door;

Flamesof war cloak every hill’s rough shore.

Deadbodies reek beneath each tree;

Bloodstains the plains and streams redly.

Noland remains a peaceful nest;

Idare not linger, nor take rest.

Ileave my straw hut, all alone;

Myheart breaks, crushed by heavy moan.

杜甫 《无家别》

寂寞天宝后，园庐但蒿藜。

我里百余家，世乱各东西。

存者无消息，死者为尘泥。

贱子因阵败，归来寻旧蹊。

久行见空巷，日瘦气惨凄。

但对狐与狸，竖毛怒我啼。

四邻何所有，一二老寡妻。

宿鸟恋本枝，安辞且穷栖。

方春独荷锄，日暮还灌畦。

县吏知我至，召令习鼓鞞。

虽从本州役，内顾无所携。

近行止一身，远去终转迷。

家乡既荡尽，远近理亦齐。

永痛长病母，五年委沟溪。

生我不得力，终身两酸嘶。

人生无家别，何以为蒸黎！

异体/异文标注

1. 鼓鞞：鞞，古兵器字，异体「鼙」，《全唐诗》原文作鞞

2.畦：无俗异体；蒸黎：黎，俗写「藜」，此处不可通假

The Homeless Man’s Lament

By Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

Since Tianbao’sreign plunged into woe,

My cottage drowns in weeds that grow.

A hundred homes once lined my lane;

War scatters all, east and west again.

The living vanish, no word sent;

The dead dissolve to earth and rent.

Defeated in the battle’sroar,

I trudge back to my ancient door.

I tread long empty lanes forlorn;

The pale sun breathes a grief-wornmorn.

Only foxes stand in sight,

Hackles raised, snarling at my plight.

What neighbors linger by my way?

One or two widows, worn and gray.

Night birds cling to their nativebough;

I dwell in want, no place to bow.

In spring I bear my hoe alone,

“Till dusk I water beds I've sown.”

The county clerk learns I’mreturned,

“And bids me learn the war-drum burned.

Though I serve in my home domain,

No kin remains to wait my gain.

Short marches leave me all alone;

Far wanderings blur my way back home.

My hometown’sswept to barren ground—

Short or long march, the grief isbound.

My sick mother haunts my endless pain;

Five years her corpse lies in thedrain.

She bore me, yet I could not aid;

Our double sorrows never fade.

To part with all one’shome has known—

What hope for common mortal bone!

严格对标中华书局《全唐诗》杜甫原文，无增减字句，唐代兵役、地名、官职、风物全部还原史实内核，不篡改诗意；异体字、异文仅在附录校勘标注，正文译文统一定本；

译文贴合盛唐古典文学厚重质感；契合杜甫“沉郁顿挫”美学；核心诗句意象词汇固定统一，整套译文风格统一连贯，六首气韵一脉相承。

杜甫笔下的石壕村、新安道、无家别，不只是唐朝的战火，更是人类共同的苦难记忆。今天这套译作出海，就是把这份记忆交给世界。（翻译 王永利）