律师常用英语单词（三）

前言

本系列面向国内民商事、刑事、行政非涉外律师，剔除海商、跨境投融资、国际仲裁等冷门术语。词汇适配外文证据、法学论文摘要、域外判例研读场景；例句采用法律文书标准表达，重在阅读识别，兼顾简易书面翻译参考。

第三组 民事诉讼、程序通用（76词）

97. procedure 程序
例句：The court must handle cases in accordance with legal procedure.
译文：法院必须依照法定程序审理案件。
98. civil procedure 民事诉讼
例句：Disputes between equal subjects are solved through civil procedure.
译文：平等主体之间的纠纷通过民事诉讼解决。
99. criminal procedure 刑事诉讼
例句：Criminal procedure aims to punish crimes and protect human rights.
译文：刑事诉讼旨在惩罚犯罪、保障人权。
100. jurisdiction 管辖权
例句：The defendant raises an objection to jurisdiction within statutory time.
译文：被告在法定期限内提出管辖权异议。
101. territorial jurisdiction 地域管辖
例句：Territorial jurisdiction is usually determined by the place of defendant’s residence.
译文：地域管辖一般依据被告住所地确定。
102. exclusive jurisdiction 专属管辖
例句：Real estate disputes fall under exclusive jurisdiction of local court.
译文：不动产纠纷由不动产所在地法院专属管辖。
103. venue 管辖地
例句：The parties may agree on the venue for dispute resolution.
译文：当事人可以约定纠纷解决管辖地。
104. file a lawsuit / institute litigation 起诉
例句：The victim may file a lawsuit to claim compensation.
译文：受害人可以提起诉讼主张赔偿。
105. complaint 起诉状
例句：The complaint shall clearly state claims, facts and grounds.
译文：起诉状应当写明诉讼请求、事实与理由。
106. answer / defense 答辩、答辩状
例句：The defendant may submit a written answer to the court.
译文：被告可以向法院提交书面答辩状。
107. counterclaim 反诉
例句：The defendant may file a counterclaim during litigation.
译文：被告可以在诉讼过程中提起反诉。
108. claim 诉讼请求、主张
例句：The court shall examine whether the claim has legal basis.
译文：法院应当审查诉讼请求有无法律依据。
109. motion 申请、动议
例句：The lawyer submitted a motion for evidence preservation.
译文：律师提交证据保全申请。
110. application 申请书
例句：He submitted an application for property preservation.
译文：他提交了财产保全申请书。
111. summon 传票
例句：The court shall serve a summon to notify parties of the hearing.
译文：法院送达传票通知当事人开庭。
112. subpoena 传唤令
例句：The court issued a subpoena to compel the witness to appear.
译文：法院签发传唤令强制证人到庭。
113. hearing 开庭、庭审
例句：The hearing will be held in the courtroom next Monday.
译文：庭审将于下周一在审判法庭进行。
114. trial 审判、审理
例句：The judge conducts a public trial of the case.
译文：法官对案件进行公开审理。
115. in camera hearing 不公开审理
例句：Cases involving personal privacy adopt in camera hearing.
译文：涉及个人隐私的案件实行不公开审理。
116. adjourn 休庭、延期审理
例句：The judge decided to adjourn the hearing for further investigation.
译文：法官决定休庭，开展进一步调查。
117. recess 休庭（短时）
例句：The court announced a ten-minute recess.
译文：法庭宣布休庭十分钟。
118. conciliation 调解
例句：The court shall conduct conciliation before judgment.
译文：法院作出判决前应当进行调解。
119. mediation 调解
例句：The two parties reached an agreement through mediation.
译文：双方经调解达成一致意见。
120. settlement 和解
例句：The parties reached a settlement and withdrew the lawsuit.
译文：当事人达成和解并撤诉。
121. settle out of court 庭外和解
例句：Both sides chose to settle out of court to reduce litigation costs.
译文：双方选择庭外和解，减少诉讼成本。
122. judgment 判决
例句：The judgment shall state the facts, law and final conclusion.
译文：判决书应当载明事实、法律依据与裁判结论。
123. verdict 裁决、事实认定结论
例句：The verdict confirms that the defendant bears civil liability.
译文：裁决认定被告应当承担民事责任。
124. ruling 裁定
例句：The court made a ruling to dismiss the application.
译文：法院作出裁定驳回该项申请。
125. order 决定书
例句：The court issued an order to freeze the debtor’s bank account.
译文：法院下达决定书冻结债务人银行账户。
126. effective judgment 生效裁判
例句：Parties must perform obligations determined by effective judgment.
译文：当事人必须履行生效裁判确定的义务。
127. appeal 上诉
例句：If dissatisfied with the judgment, the party may lodge an appeal.
译文：当事人不服判决，可以提起上诉。
128. appellant 上诉人
例句：The appellant insists that the original judgment applies the law wrongly.
译文：上诉人坚持原审判决适用法律错误。
129. appellate court 二审法院
例句：The appellate court may maintain, amend or reverse the original judgment.
译文：二审法院可以维持、改判或者撤销原审判决。
130. retrial 再审
例句：The party may apply for retrial after the judgment takes effect.
译文：判决生效后当事人可以申请再审。
131. review 审查
例句：The court conducts a formal review of the litigation materials.
译文：法院对诉讼材料进行形式审查。
132. protest 抗诉
例句：The procuratorate may lodge a protest against effective judgment.
译文：检察院可以对生效裁判提出抗诉。
133. enforcement 执行
例句：If obligations are not performed, the creditor can apply for enforcement.
译文：义务人拒不履行的，债权人可以申请执行。
134. compulsory enforcement 强制执行
例句：The people’s court carries out compulsory enforcement according to law.
译文：人民法院依法开展强制执行。
135. execution applicant 申请执行人
例句：The execution applicant provides clues of the debtor’s property.
译文：申请执行人提供债务人财产线索。
136. person subject to execution 被执行人
例句：The person subject to execution has an obligation to report property.
译文：被执行人负有财产申报义务。
137. freeze 冻结
例句：The court may freeze the deposit account of the debtor.
译文：法院可以冻结债务人存款账户。
138. seal up / seize 查封、扣押
例句：Judicial officers seal up the real estate involved in the case.
译文：执行法官查封涉案房产。
139. auction 拍卖
例句：The sealed property will be dealt with through public auction.
译文：查封财产将通过公开拍卖处置。
140. preservation 保全
例句：Preservation prevents the respondent from transferring property.
译文：保全措施防止被申请人转移财产。
141. property preservation 财产保全
例句：The applicant shall provide guarantee for property preservation.
译文：申请人申请财产保全应当提供担保。
142. evidence preservation 证据保全
例句：Lawyer applies for evidence preservation to avoid evidence loss.
译文：律师申请证据保全，防止证据灭失。
143. advance execution 先予执行
例句：Cases involving alimony may apply for advance execution.
译文：追索抚养费案件可以申请先予执行。
144. statute of limitations / limitation of action 诉讼时效
例句：The statute of limitations for general civil disputes is three years.
译文：一般民事纠纷诉讼时效为三年。
145. suspend limitation 时效中止
例句：Force majeure may lead to suspension of limitation.
译文：发生不可抗力可能导致诉讼时效中止。
146. interrupt limitation 时效中断
例句：Claiming debt to the debtor will interrupt limitation.
译文：向债务人主张债权将引起时效中断。
147. burden of proof 举证责任
例句：The claimant bears the burden of proof for his claims.
译文：主张权利一方承担相应举证责任。
148. adduce evidence 举证
例句：Each party shall adduce evidence to support its arguments.
译文：各方应当举证证明己方主张。
149. presumption 推定
例句：The court makes a factual presumption based on existing evidence.
译文：法院根据现有证据作出事实推定。
150. presumption of innocence 无罪推定
例句：Presumption of innocence is a basic principle in criminal procedure.
译文：无罪推定是刑事诉讼基本原则。
151. withdraw a lawsuit 撤诉
例句：The plaintiff may withdraw a lawsuit before judgment is made.
译文：原告在判决作出前可以申请撤诉。
152. dismiss the case 驳回起诉
例句：The court dismisses the case due to lack of jurisdiction.
译文：法院因不具有管辖权驳回起诉。
153. reject claims 驳回诉讼请求
例句：There is insufficient evidence, so the court rejects all claims.
译文：证据不足，法院驳回全部诉讼请求。
154. stay proceedings 中止诉讼
例句：The court orders to stay proceedings while the party loses capacity.
译文：当事人丧失行为能力，法院裁定中止诉讼。
155. terminate proceedings 终结诉讼
例句：The court may terminate proceedings when the only plaintiff passes away.
译文：唯一原告死亡，法院可以裁定终结诉讼。
156. defect of procedure 程序瑕疵
例句：The defense argues that there exists obvious defect of procedure.
译文：辩方提出本案存在明显程序瑕疵。
157. litigation cost 诉讼费用
例句：The losing party generally bears the litigation cost.
译文：败诉方一般承担诉讼费用。
158. service 送达
例句：Legal documents must be served to parties by legal ways.
译文：法律文书必须通过法定方式送达当事人。
159. service by post 邮寄送达
例句：The court adopts service by post when direct service is difficult.
译文：直接送达困难时法院采用邮寄送达。
160. public notice service 公告送达
例句：Public notice service applies when the whereabouts of a party are unknown.
译文：当事人下落不明的，可以公告送达。
161. arbitration 仲裁
例句：The arbitration clause excludes jurisdiction of people’s court.
译文：仲裁条款排除人民法院管辖。
162. arbitral award 仲裁裁决
例句：The valid arbitral award can apply for court enforcement.
译文：生效仲裁裁决可向法院申请强制执行。
163. set aside award 撤销仲裁裁决
例句：The party may apply to the court to set aside the arbitral award.
译文：当事人可以向法院申请撤销仲裁裁决。

学习小贴士

1. 本组覆盖民事诉讼、执行、仲裁高频程序术语，民商事律师日常接触最多；
2. 学习目标：看见单词快速识别含义，优先被动阅读能力，不必强行默写；
3. 所有句式标准化，可直接用于论文英文摘要、外文证据材料翻译。