来源:中国日报双语新闻
不少人很重视喝水,坚持每天喝8杯水,还购入了弱碱水、小分子团水等听起来更“高端健康”的水;
也有人觉得,遵循生物本能就好,渴了就喝,不渴说明身体不需要补充水分……
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究竟怎样才是比较科学合理的饮水方式?下面这5个常见喝水误区,快来看看你中招了吗?
What is a healthy and sensible way to stay hydrated? Health experts have debunked several common misconceptions about drinking water.
这5个喝水习惯,建议改掉
❶ 迷信弱碱水、小分子团水:别被营销概念误导
原国家卫生计生委在GB 19298—2014问答中明确指出,包装饮用水的产品名称不得标注“小分子团水、功能水、活化水、能量水”等不科学或易误导的名称,借“碱性水”宣传养生功效同样触碰监管红线。人体胃酸pH值1.5~3.5,饮水进入胃部酸碱度会被中和,靠喝水改变体质尚没有可靠科学证据。
卫生安全达标的自来水,就可以满足日常用水的基本需求,需要谨慎对待市面上部分概念水的营销噱头,不必额外支付溢价。
There is no need to pay extra for so-called "concept waters" such as alkaline or microclustered water. Regulators prohibit misleading claims on drinking-water labels, and there is no reliable evidence that drinking water can change one's body constitution. Safe tap water is sufficient for daily hydration.
❷ 口渴才猛喝:身体早已发出脱水信号
《饮用水健康与感官品质研究报告》中提到,感到口渴,身体已经出现1%~2%的脱水,会造成记忆力、注意力下降;当身体失水量达到体重10%,会出现烦躁、全身无力、体温升高;当身体失水量达到体重20%,可直接威胁生命。
同时也应注意,短时间内大量喝水会稀释血液电解质,老年人、心血管疾病患者可能会出现头晕,甚至昏迷。
Waiting until you feel thirsty may mean you are already 1 to 2 percent dehydrated, which can affect memory and concentration. Drinking too much water in a short time can also dilute blood sodium, with older adults and people with cardiovascular conditions needing to be particularly cautious.
正确做法是主动饮水,每1~2小时喝几口,起床30分钟内喝150~300毫升温水,两餐之间适时补水,睡前2~4小时避免大量饮水。
❸ 轻信千滚水、隔夜水有毒:这是谣言
烧开后密封存放的白开水,亚硝酸盐远低于安全限值。真正风险来自容器不洁、敞口落灰。白色水垢是钙镁离子的碳酸盐结晶,说明水中矿物质含量较高,但水垢多少与水质卫生(微生物、杂质)无关。
水壶勤清洗,净水器滤芯按时更换即可;隔夜水加盖密封,加热后可以正常饮用。
Claims that repeatedly boiled or overnight water is toxic are also unfounded. Properly stored boiled water has nitrite levels well below safety limits. The more practical concerns are unclean containers and uncovered water exposed to dust.
Water scale is mainly made up of calcium and magnesium compounds and does not indicate poor water quality. Covered overnight water can be reheated before drinking.
❹ 死守“每天8杯水”:给自己增加压力
结合人群调查数据,中国居民平衡膳食宝塔(2022)推荐的成年人每日饮水量是:男性每日建议摄入1700毫升,女性每日建议摄入1500毫升。
“每天8杯水”只是针对成年人的传播约数,饮水量需要因人而异,可根据年龄、性别、体重、体力活动强度、季节和出汗量等情况进行个体化调整。可以少量、多次饮用,每次喝150~200毫升。
The Chinese Food Guide Pagoda (2022) recommends about 1,700 ml of water a day for adult men and 1,500 ml for women, although individual needs vary. Drinking small amounts throughout the day, around 150 to 200 ml at a time, is recommended.
❺ 饮料代替白开水:易摄入大量添加糖
一瓶500毫升含糖饮料的糖含量,基本达到成年人每日添加糖上限。长期用饮料代水,会增加超重、肥胖、脂肪肝、糖尿病的风险。有研究显示:用白开水替换含糖饮料,BMI可下降0.31,可减重0.81千克,增加饮水还可进一步放大减重效果。
Replacing water with sugary drinks can lead to excessive sugar intake. A 500 ml sugary drink can contain nearly the recommended daily limit for added sugar, while regular consumption increases the risks of overweight, obesity, fatty liver disease and diabetes. Research has also linked replacing sugary drinks with water to modest reductions in BMI and body weight.
若觉得喝白开水没有味儿,喝不下去,可以加少量柠檬、黄瓜调味,也可以喝一些淡茶水,但不要用含糖饮料、果汁、奶茶等代替水。
健康饮水
需要注意这些
想让喝水有益健康,需要注意以下几点:
▌喝水要适量
喝水太少导致身体缺水固然不利于健康,喝水太多却也有风险,过去也不乏饮水过多、过快导致水中毒的新闻。每个人身高、体重不同,可以根据自己的体型在每日推荐饮水量(成年男性1700毫升、女性1500毫升)上酌情增减。
需要注意的是,食物中摄入的水分也在每天摄入水分的总量中。高温天气、体力劳动、体育锻炼等消耗量大、排出水分多的情况下,需要增加水分摄入。
那么,如何判断自己摄入的水分是否适量呢?对于健康人群而言,小便的频次是个可供参考的指标。英国的膀胱和肠道社区的建议是:多数人每天小便6~7次,但如果你自己不觉得困扰的话,4~10次也属正常。
For healthy people, urination frequency can provide a rough indication of hydration. The UK-based Bladder & Bowel Community says most people urinate six to seven times a day, while four to 10 times can also be normal if it does not cause discomfort.
▌水温不要太高(<65℃)
其实,与其说是“多喝热水”,更合适的说法应该是“多喝温水”。因为高温饮食的热损伤是食管癌的明确危险因素,有大量研究证明习惯高温饮食的地区食管癌发病率显著增高。也有相关调查显示,饮用任何温度超过65℃的饮料都可能对人类致癌。
And rather than "drink more hot water", the advice should be to drink more warm water. Regularly consuming very hot food and drinks can damage the esophagus and has been linked to a higher risk of esophageal cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies beverages consumed above 65 C as "probably carcinogenic to humans".
对于日常习惯喝热水、热汤,耐受了高温的人来说,65℃或许并不是会让人觉得烫的温度。对这个温度没有概念的人可以用厨房温度计检测一下热水或者热汤的温度,在65℃左右的时候饮下,记住身体的感觉,以后就可以对高温饮食的判断心中有数了。
▌特殊人群遵医嘱
如果患有要限制饮水的疾病(如某些心血管疾病、某些肾病、膀胱过度活动症、尿失禁、妊娠剧吐等),需要遵医嘱根据具体情况规划水分的摄入,不能盲目增加饮水量。
好了,现在你可以起身去喝杯水了!分享给家人朋友,也提醒他们多喝温水吧!来源:央视新闻 科普中国
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