“C位、PUA”深入中文引担忧，专家：不要低估汉语的强大

“今晚K歌去不去？你绝对C位出道，我负责P图！”周末的好友群里，这条消息刚蹦出来，就炸出一串“+1”；

可转头一看工作群：“这个项目的KPI要拉通闭环，明天对齐颗粒度，CEO等着看PPT。”

一边“C位”“P图”“KPI”可以精准理解，一边“拉通闭环”“对齐颗粒度”看到先脑子一懵……你是不是也有同感？

从“K歌”到“C位”再到“P图”，这些由拉丁字母与汉字混合而成的词汇已大量涌入日常交流；此外，纯字母缩略词如KPI、PUA、PPT、CT等也极为流行，被直接嵌入中文表达。

Letter words have become ubiquitous in everyday Chinese communication. Hybrid forms such as K ge, literally "K song" for karaoke, C wei meaning "C position" or center position and P tu, a term referring to photo editing, with the "P" derived from Photoshop, mix foreign letters with Chinese.

有人担心，这些外来字母词会损害汉语美感。专家认为，这种焦虑虽可理解，却低估了汉语强大的吸收与再造能力。真正的问题不在于字母词本身，而在于那些晦涩、自我封闭的行业黑话。

While some worry that the growing use of foreign letters may undermine the aesthetic appeal of the Chinese language, experts argue that such anxiety, though understandable, overlooks the language's remarkable capacity for absorption and reinvention.

专家：汉语美感在于“活不活”

对外经济贸易大学档案校史博物馆馆长周晨萌指出：“汉语美感从来不在‘纯不纯’，而在‘活不活’。”她认为，公众真正不舒服的，“往往不是‘KPI’这三个字母，而是某些场合里本可用汉字说清的话偏要用字母撑门面——那是语用傲慢，不是语言危机。”

Zhou Chenmeng, curator of the Archives History Museum at the University of International Business and Economics, said, "The beauty of Chinese has never been about being 'pure' — it's about being 'alive'."

中国人民大学文学院讲师杨贺则将上述对汉语美感破坏的担忧视为一种“免疫反应”：“这种焦虑并非全无道理，它本质上是对母语主体性的自觉维护。我们不必嘲笑这种紧张，而应将其视为语言健康发展的‘免疫反应’。”

Yang He, a lecturer in classical Chinese at the School of Liberal Arts at Renmin University of China, described public unease as a conscious defense of the subjectivity of the mother tongue — an "immune response" in the healthy development of the language.

北京第二外国语学院文化与传播学院副教授党静鹏提供了实证数据。她援引一项基于《人民日报》1990年至2014年语料的统计研究称，“平均每2372个汉字词中出现了一个字母词”，而《现代汉语词典》收录的“西文字母开头的词”也不过两百多个。她表示：“有限数量的字母词不会影响汉语汉字的整体面貌。”

Dang Jingpeng, an associate professor at the School of Chinese Culture and Communication at Beijing International Studies University, offered an empirical perspective.

Citing a statistical study of People's Daily from 1990 to 2014, she noted that "on average, one letter word appears for every 2,372 Chinese-character words", indicating their relatively low frequency. The Modern Chinese Dictionary includes only around 200 such terms.

北京第二外国语学院文化与传播学院副院长刘光婷从语言学角度分析：“外来字母片段进入汉语之后，不再遵守外语原有的语法规则，而是被汉语体系重塑。”她举例说，“‘C位’脱胎于center，英语中本没有这个固定词汇，汉语自主创造了新词”，充分体现了汉语的本土化能力。

Liu Guangting, associate dean of the School of Chinese Culture and Communication at Beijing International Studies University, said when foreign letter fragments enter Chinese, they no longer follow the original grammatical rules but are reshaped by the Chinese system.

"K in K ge"can be used flexibly as a verb, while "C wei" was independently coined by Chinese speakers and is not found in English, demonstrating the language's strong capacity for localization.

互联网黑话给沟通“造壁”

与日常字母词不同，专家对互联网黑话持批评态度。

杨贺指出，互联网黑话“只是给原本朴实的，以传递信息为主，已有可用表达的语言，蒙上一层面纱”。她警告：“当真实被掩盖，当语言的精准含义被模糊，天长日久，是非曲直难以分辨。所以这并不是进步，而是倒退。”

The distinction becomes clearer when letter words are compared with internet industry jargon.

Yang said internet jargon creates bubbles from within. "When the accurate meaning of language is blurred over time, it becomes hard to distinguish right from wrong. This is not progress, but regression," she said.

周晨萌用“造壁”来形容这类词语：“它们是用复杂、晦涩的词语，去包装原本简单明了的概念。”她认为，其目的“不是为了更精准地交流，而是为了构建行业壁垒、标记圈层身份”，“这无疑损害了汉语作为交流工具应有的精准与温度”。

Zhou described phrases such as "aligning granularity" as a way of "building walls" by using complex terms to package simple ideas.

"They dilute the precision of the original terms. Their purpose is not more precise communication, but to build industry barriers and mark in-group identity," she said.

党静鹏则从社会方言角度分析，指出黑话“具有隐秘性和排外性”，“人为提高‘入群’门槛和沟通成本”，“超出特定职场范围的使用，会给交际对方带来极大的理解障碍，进而造成对方的心理不适，既降低了沟通效率，又制造了圈层隔阂”。

分层治理加主动示范

让外来词为汉语所用

在如何平衡“及时交流”与“保持汉语美感”的问题上，杨贺主张“因境制宜，分层治理”。她认为，在微信聊天、弹幕等日常口语场景中，“杂草丛生是正常的”，像“YYDS”（永远的神）这样的缩略词能瞬间传递情绪。但在出版物和媒体层面，她建议采取“延时采用”“规范注释”和“主动示范”等措施，鼓励创作者用精妙中文替换流行字母词，引导大众审美。

Yang advocated a tiered approach to balancing timely communication with preserving the beauty of Chinese.

杨贺回顾历史：“佛教词汇、西域词汇、日语词汇都曾被担忧会‘冲击汉语’，最终却都化为汉语的血肉。”她表示：“语言的活力在于开放，语言的尊严在于选择——而我们每个人，都是这个选择过程的参与者。”

周晨萌则说：“我们怕的从来不是外来词的涌入，是有一天我们懒到不再内化它。”她观察到，汉语“并没有要把所有外来词都变成‘纯汉字词’的执念”，它允许字母词与汉字长期共存，“因为它强大的句法规则（比如量词、语序）足以驾驭它们，让它们‘内化’即可，不必非要‘变身为汉字’。”

"What we fear has never been the influx of foreign words — it's that one day we might become too lazy to internalize them," Zhou said.

Chinese, she observed, has no obsession with turning all foreign words into pure Chinese-character terms. "It allows letter words to coexist with Chinese characters over the long term, because its robust syntactic rules are sufficient to domesticate them."

对于字母词和互联网黑话，你怎么看？

记者：邹硕

编辑：夏梦晨

实习生：李沐融

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