斯洛文尼亚前总统：我建议欧洲人多来中国看看

编者按：8月26日，由中国人民大学主办、中国人民大学重阳金融研究院（人大重阳）与全球领导力学院承办的“全球认知之变与中国发展未来国际研讨会”在京举行。斯洛文尼亚前总统、世界领袖联盟前主席达尼洛·图尔克（Danilo Türk）发表主旨演讲时表示，多年来欧洲一直笼罩在意识形态的迷雾中，对中国心存疑虑。要改变对华认知，就需要亲身到中国来看看。现将其中英文发言实录整理发布如下：（中文实录约2000字，预计阅读时间6分钟）

来自欧洲斯洛文尼亚的问候。

我谨对“全球认知之变与中国发展未来”国际研讨会的举办表示祝贺。认知在政治中举足轻重，我相信所有人都清楚，任何分析人士都必须严肃对待认知问题。我相信，本次在中国人民大学举行的讨论将为此做出重要贡献。

在准备这次简短发言时，我一直在思考该说些什么，最终决定将发言分为两个部分：首先是关于总体认知问题，然后是认知具体方面的两个实例。

首先，我想谈一下总体认知。我认为，必须认识到中国在制定政策时非常审慎，政策制定者明确将全球层面对其政策的总体认知铭记于心。中国走和平发展道路，因此其外交政策本质上十分和平——无论是在公开场合中，还是在联合国安理会等场合，我们都能够清楚地看到这一点。这一政策以发展为导向，如今世界各国人民都对此充分赞赏。中国非常具有合作精神，高度重视国际合作，不仅通过共建“一带一路”倡议，而且在更广泛的层面上也是如此。此外，中国基本不搞对抗，这一点非常重要。

很明显，中国正在追求其国家优先事项和国家政策目标，这包括与其他国家在意见和政策上的分歧，以及与不同国家采取不同的政策。但这一切都是在合作、非对抗与和平的精神下进行的，这非常重要。

在谈论总体认知时，我们必须充分认识中国在国际舞台上的具体行为特征。当然，我们还必须将这一点与美国进行对比。美国至今仍是当今世界最强大的国家，但眼下正处于非常困难的时期。美国的外交政策常常极度反复无常、难以预测、充满对抗性，有时甚至会激怒其最忠实的盟友和最亲密的朋友。

在欧洲，我们并没有忘记特朗普总统关于美国要通过格陵兰获取北极地区的言论，也就是所谓“格陵兰应当并入美国”。这是一个非常危险且令人不快的外交政策行动或声明的例证。中国从未做过此类事情。与美国形成鲜明对比的是，中国的外交政策稳健、和平、合作且非对抗。

以上就是总体特征的一部分。但我们也必须思考具体方面，我仅举两个例子。

第一是旅游业。最近，中国进一步开放，来华外国游客越来越多。他们不仅赞叹中国的自然风光与文化，也赞叹这个国家的技术进步、令人惊叹的城市化以及先进的科技水平。所有这些共同塑造了一种认知：中国是一个拥有光明未来的国家，也是一个伟大的合作伙伴。我认为，对欧洲游客而言，这一点尤为重要，因为多年来欧洲一直笼罩在意识形态的迷雾中，对中国心存疑虑。但是，旅游业能够消除其中大部分疑虑，还需要进一步发展。

最后，还有一些更为根本的方面，我希望今天在中国人民大学的讨论予以关注。这不仅关乎技术进步——这一点已广为人知，还涉及一些不那么显而易见的方面。例如，当前世界正经历油价上涨，但全球石油市场仍保持相对稳定。分析人士发现，这很大程度上归功于中国：中国成功地将石油消费保持在避免全球市场价格大幅上涨的水平，非常明智地动用了现有库存，甚至没有触及战略石油储备。因此，这一点很重要。中国在国内对石油及石油产品的消费管理十分得当。非常重要的是，中国正不断从化石燃料经济向可再生能源转型。所有这些因素共同对全球石油市场产生了积极影响——油价虽然上涨，但并未达到美国与以色列对伊朗开战之初人们所担心的程度。

因此，我认为今天的讨论必须审视这些方面，弄清形成中国全球认知的根本和具体要素，并明确未来发展的道路。

谨对中国人民大学组织这次活动表示祝贺，并祝愿各位圆满成功。

英文版发言内容

Greetings from Europe, from Slovenia, and congratulations for the organization of this important discussion on shifting global perception and China's future development. Perceptions are important in politics and I believe that everybody understands that it is important for any analysts to deal with perceptions seriously.

And I believe that this discussion at the Renmin University will make a significant contribution to this. Now, I have been thinking about what to say in my short remarks, and I decided to divide my remarks in two parts. First, something about the question of general perception, and then two examples of specific aspects of perceptions.

Now, first about general perceptions. I think it is important to understand that China is very careful in developing its policies with the question of general perceptions of its policy at the global level, clearly in mind of the policymakers. China is following a peaceful path, so Chinese foreign policy is essentially very peaceful, which is something that we can clearly see both in the general public, but also in places like the United Nations Security Council.

It is development-oriented, which is something that people around the world now fully appreciate. It's very cooperative. It places a great deal of importance on international cooperation, not only through the Belt and Road Initiative, but more generally.

And then it is basically non-confrontational. That's something of great importance. Now, obviously, China is pursuing its national priorities, its national policy objectives, and that includes the difference of opinion and policies, different policies with different countries.

But it is all done in a cooperative, non-confrontational, and peaceful spirit, and that's very important. When talking about the general perception, one has to appreciate all the specific features of Chinese behavior at the international scene. And then, of course, one has to contrast this with the United States, which continues to be the most powerful power today, which is currently going through a very difficult period.

Its foreign policy is often very erratic, non-predictable, confrontational, and sometimes irritating its most faithful allies and closest friends. In Europe, obviously, we have not forgotten the statements of President Trump about the need for the United States to obtain the Arctic area through Greenland. So, the Greenland should be annexed to the United States, and that's a very dangerous and very unpleasant example of foreign policy move or foreign policy statement.

Now, China has done nothing of the sort, and in contrast to the United States, its foreign policy is steady, peaceful, cooperative, and non-confrontational. So, these are some of the general features. But we have to think about the specific aspects as well, and I would like to mention only two of them.

First is tourism. Recently, China has opened up, and there is more and more foreign tourists coming to China. They admire not only the natural beauty and culture of China, but also the technological advancement, an incredible urbanization of the country, and technological sophistication.

All this together makes a perception of China as a country with a great future and a great partner. And I believe for the European visitors, this is particularly important, because for many years, Europe has lived in ideological cloud, being suspicious about China. But tourism can remove much of that suspicion and has to be developed further.

And finally, there are more fundamental aspects, which I would like our discussion today at Renmin University to pay attention to. It's not only about technological progress, which is quite well understood already, but also about some of the less visible aspects. For example, today, the world is experiencing rises of prices of oil, but still the oil market globally has remained relatively stable.

And the analysts have discovered that this is largely due to China. China has been able to keep its consumption of oil at the levels which prevented huge rises of oil prices in the global market. China has used its current reserves very wisely, not even touching upon its strategic reserves of oil.

So that's important. It has managed consumption of oil and oil products domestically very wisely. And very importantly, it is making constant progress from fossil fuel-based economy to the renewable resources of energy.

And all these factors together have created a very positive effect on the global oil market, where prices have risen, but not to the extent which was feared when the current war of United States and Israel against Iran started. So I think that our discussion today has to look at these aspects and see which are the fundamental and specific aspects that create global perception of China, and also define the ways towards future development. I congratulate Renmin University for organizing this event, and I wish you all success.