经过初步调研,近十年中国出版唐诗宋词英译新书仅26种,内容集中度太高,如单行本只给了7人:李白、杜甫、王维、白居易、李商隐、苏轼、李清照。而且许渊冲一人就占了61.5%,加上赵彦春两人占近八成。而中华书局《全唐诗》约有6万多首诗,目前通过外语译介的仅仅几百首,宋诗词也一样,数万首的文库,只有几百首被译介。无论是唐诗还是宋诗词的译介,大都是在《唐诗三百首》和《宋词三百首》基础上,反复拼盘。
因此,我的两千首唐宋诗词英译集,则填补了空白。《唐诗大观英译选》收录了120多位唐代诗人的一千一百五十九首佳作进行英译,其中大多数是首次英译。“一册在手,纵览全唐”。《宋诗词大观英译选》收录140多位宋代诗词人的900多首佳作,而且把宋诗和词合并在一起英译。过去宋诗和宋词是分家的,要研究某宋代诗词人的作品,要寻找多个版本,而通过我的译作选集,可“一册在手,纵览全宋”。
今天,我们继续唐代小众诗人的译介。来看看温庭筠(约812 — 约866)的另一首佳作《过陈琳墓》。
温庭筠,本名岐,字飞卿,太原祁(今山西祁县)人,晚唐诗文大家,花间词派开山。才思敏捷,人称“温八叉”。
《过陈琳墓》
【唐】温庭筠
曾于青史见遗文,今日飘蓬过古坟。
词客有灵应识我,霸才无主始怜君。
石麟埋没藏春草,铜雀荒凉对暮云。
莫怪临风倍惆怅,欲将书剑学从军。
注释:
⑴陈琳:汉末著名的建安七子之一,曾被袁绍和曹操重用,擅长章表书记。陈琳墓:在今江苏邳县。
⑵青史:古代以竹简记事,故称史籍为“青史”。
⑶飘蓬:一作“飘零”。诗人用以比自己迁徙不定。此:一作“古”。
⑷霸才:犹盖世超群之才。始:一作“亦”。
⑸石麟:石麒麟,陵墓前的石雕的麒麟。春草:一作“秋草”。
⑹铜雀:铜雀台。曹操所建,故址在邺城(今河北临漳)西。
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At Chen Lin’sTomb
By Wen Tingyun (Tang Dynasty)
Translated By Wang Yongli
I read your writings in old chronicles ofyore;
Now like thistle down, I pass your tomb’s worn door.
If your spirit abides, my spirit you shouldknow;
Peerless and unclaimed, I pity your lotbelow.
Stone kylins sink beneath the spring grassovergrown;
Bronze Sparrow Terrace fronts the dim duskcloud alone.
Blame not my heavy grief as I face thebreeze;
With book and sword I seek the warrior’s ways to seize.
Note:
(1)Chen Lin, one of the SevenScholars of Jian’an, served Yuan Shao and later Cao Cao, and was famed fordrafting official state documents. His tomb lies in Pi, Jiangsu.
(2) Green History (Qingshi): In ancienttimes, records were inscribed on bamboo slips, hence historical records areknown as “Qingshi”.
(3) Drifting fleabane: An alternativereading is “wandering adrift”.The poet uses this metaphor for his own unsettled, wandering life. This: Analternative reading is “ancient”.
(4) Heroic, world‑shaping talent: Peerless, extraordinary talent. It denotesextraordinary talent fit for great undertakings, not “talent of an overlord”.
(5) Stone Kylin: A stone-carved Kylinerected before a mausoleum. Spring grass: An alternative reading is “autumn grass”.
(6) Bronze Sparrow: Bronze Sparrow Terrace,built by Cao Cao. Its former site lies west of Ye City (present-day Linzhang,Hebei Province).
本译遵从信达雅、动态对等、“三美论”,以诗译诗。押韵工整,韵律感强:译文采用AABB式押韵,每两行一韵,如“yore/door”“know/below”“overgrown/alone”“breeze/seize”,保持了英文诗歌的节奏感,读来流畅上口。文化意象保留与还原:将“青史”译为“oldchronicles”,“石麒麟”译为“stone kylins”,“铜雀台”译为“Bronze Sparrow Terrace”,保留并还原了所有意象。意译为主,兼顾直译:本译注重传达原诗的意境与情感,而非逐字逐句对应。例如“Peerless and unclaimed, I pity your lot below.”将“霸才无主始怜君”的复杂情绪以“lordless”和“pity”简洁呈现,既保留了“无主”的无奈,又点出对陈琳的惋惜。注释详尽,辅助理解,符合学术规范。适合英文读者欣赏唐诗之美,又通过注释保留了学术严谨性。
当然,水平有限,不足之处,敬请专家、学者和读者批评指正。译者愿尽绵薄之力,为中华文化出海减少“文化折扣”做出点滴贡献。(王永利)
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