灵渠怎样把湘江和漓江接上，让船从长江水系走进岭南

秦统一六国之后，岭南还要稳住。湘江向北汇入长江，漓江向南进入珠江水系，两江近在咫尺，中间却隔着一道分水岭。兵员、粮食和工具要从长江流域送到岭南，陆路翻山装得少、走得慢、损耗大。要把人马按期送过岭，必须在两江最近的地方开一条能走船的通道。

选址落在湘江上游靠近海洋山的一段。这里两江的直线距离短，中间有一块高出的山脊。工匠先在湘江一侧筑坝，把水位抬高，再顺着山势开出一条狭窄的渠道，让水越过山脊，流入漓江一侧。渠不能太宽，太宽则上游水量泄光、浅滩加重；也不能太陡，太陡则船会撞击闸门。坡度被分成若干级，级与级之间用陡门控制水面。

陡门是整条渠能走船的关键。船来时打开一处陡门，让前后两段水面逐渐取平，船再进入下一段。这样反复，船就能一截一截爬过分水岭。枯水时加高坝体、减少泄流；洪水时打开放水口，避免冲垮堤岸。渠道两岸用石块砌护，防止土坡在雨季塌进渠里。维修按季节进行：冬春清淤，夏秋守坝。

渠一通，长江水系的船可以转入珠江水系。军士、粮米和工匠不必在山道上反复起岸换驮。岭南的驻防因此可以按船期补充，而不是只靠偶尔翻山的队伍。工程规模远小于后来贯通南北的运河，但它解决的是分水岭这一处断点：不是把两江挖成一条，而是让船在最短距离上换水系。

后来的人继续使用这条渠，局部加深、改闸、补石。分水的大方向很少改：北接湘江，南接漓江，中间用陡门把水位差拆成可以操作的台阶。岭南与长江中游从此有了一条可以按日计算行程的水路。沿岸州县出夫、出料，守的是坝和闸，不是某一次开挖就结束。

站在渠上看，最要紧的不是某道闸有多壮观，而是它承认了地形。山脊还在，两江还各流各的，人只在最近点上打开一条可控制的缝。船过了缝，就等于过了岭。岭南所以能被稳定补给，起点就在这套接通两江的办法：先找到最近处，再抬水、分级、过船。

http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/79946028.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/24951159.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/27017980.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/85078619.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/10051508.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/18387509.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/95787160.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/17872904.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/94959685.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/77528159.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/57844509.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/41696230.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/84621389.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/47615591.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/81582598.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/96845014.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/42962633.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/75542154.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/82433729.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/67896331.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/30023081.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/12075479.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/51767976.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/61243488.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/32459901.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/84979780.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/16693781.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/73232015.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/82231934.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/74669207.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/28853399.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/99584814.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/10507527.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/77589554.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/47299330.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/42331665.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/36028333.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/31240429.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/76637852.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/67972032.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/74732756.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/59993475.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/25848965.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/60981201.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/41381470.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/80600847.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/80114986.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/33516842.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/81148997.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/20195671.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/53970071.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/49249046.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/10330438.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/37957518.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/35099484.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/79182904.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/71675682.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/10609228.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/63617722.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/63900090.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/15290663.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/42130153.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/26447617.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/84902138.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/98073740.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/51203480.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/19406193.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/88191797.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/41083353.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/44683402.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/64438682.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/12216051.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/46253845.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/33457677.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/31905786.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/66968115.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/70350353.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/64259005.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/54855199.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/62614818.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/42047852.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/65914191.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/28677671.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/75719890.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/29681924.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/14769373.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/93242738.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/10155845.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/55497148.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/54233035.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/42207124.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/39671609.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/16966213.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/41623973.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/90350599.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/56423044.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/48985467.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/53266266.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/74780346.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/34591977.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/93117528.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/68036935.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/75696453.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/54000480.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/30659884.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/45896662.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/45730536.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/19956143.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/57701964.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/69629241.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/49175279.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/32257898.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/93158595.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/13617158.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/34696147.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/84703134.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/26535286.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/83408297.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/96921043.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/14037672.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/16617622.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/29633397.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/53144461.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/16047086.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/91594112.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/48631189.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/24079765.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/50475663.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/31344771.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/50283157.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/35586932.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/43014176.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/23753101.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/80774493.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/23576479.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/20818220.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/70083268.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/99470626.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/58041160.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/67942461.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/44756422.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/33975712.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/73283849.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/29640485.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/44489832.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/32653627.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/21332997.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/26101076.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/34440725.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/52395709.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/71085010.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/14008392.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/56702451.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/10097355.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/25021455.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/51958158.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/90844903.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/51260058.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/80911894.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/19947131.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/85026154.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/29757662.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/61253051.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/92805774.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/58705171.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/32589894.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/28349132.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/19743973.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/80148968.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/92490088.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/63142025.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/12345300.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/40740886.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/65466845.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/30687233.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/94090775.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/31785475.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/74564598.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/78416060.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/94681679.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/66424727.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/72052590.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/88735262.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/54080212.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/90527146.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/52897111.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/14721804.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/48408443.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/90766003.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/14695593.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/73472363.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/88984423.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/75571326.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/64605671.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/34661138.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/18233173.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/27044431.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/82078951.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/46831253.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/44816919.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/50697334.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/57414199.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/58594056.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/63648268.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/25492183.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/84162819.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/51874789.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/46187906.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/54662218.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/30849932.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/97816794.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/19977772.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/72964094.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/56052628.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/56304217.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/64957017.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/81250235.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/32392832.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/30966481.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/39618226.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/71713687.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/11054860.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/69066375.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/97677947.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/31537267.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/56533738.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/90713494.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/32758984.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/72397237.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/43599004.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/48948028.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/61709953.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/75645428.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/73279346.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/68305751.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/93199118.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/34410068.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/19444511.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/69234153.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/66593959.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/30192126.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/40094785.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/40233697.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/78748370.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/35987303.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/76832057.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/63070884.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/84846509.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/95920379.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/92262618.html
http://www.ailinzhi.cn/m/12327884.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/56790982.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/54266624.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/11841832.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/36510858.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/94863028.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/20273142.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/55713747.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/15920821.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/69831051.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/69034550.html
http://www.zjxhcjez.cn/m/61877543.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/64200634.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/36654410.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/51900872.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/71684854.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/96315511.html
http://www.zyqcff.cn/m/22626969.html
http://www.pbzlbzl.cn/m/14935894.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/34958398.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/51462128.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/54436363.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/37848607.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/25181574.html
http://www.mcxiu.cn/m/18168669.html
http://www.connpet.cn/m/83354378.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/64193622.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/95521447.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/57053821.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/20194649.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/34812464.html
http://www.zhaocaicatt.cn/m/72113641.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/58666985.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/36992082.html
http://www.taoditui8.cn/m/87318905.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/87209580.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/30053607.html
http://www.mcone.cn/m/90624884.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/58593338.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/70027230.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/73341349.html
http://www.axas1.cn/m/86452978.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/25312009.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/35027193.html
http://www.bjzzvideo.cn/m/45695692.html
http://www.njjingxinning.cn/m/50570725.html
http://www.obzlbzl.cn/m/75453757.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/36506794.html
http://www.hunhuntu.cn/m/24406122.html
http://www.hongkongtaxaddress/m/48764722.html